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470 lines
30 KiB
Markdown
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD028 MD033 MD045 -->
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# reinstall
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[](https://app.codacy.com/gh/bin456789/reinstall/dashboard)
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[](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/bin456789/reinstall)
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[](https://github.com/XAMPPRocky/tokei)
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[](https://t.me/reinstall_os)
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[](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789)
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<!-- [](https://github.com/aschey/vercel-tokei) -->
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One-Click Script to Reinstall System [中文](README.md)
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[](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789)
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## Highlights
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- One-click Linux installation: Supports 19 common distributions.
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- One-click Windows installation: Uses the official ISO for installation instead of custom images. The script can automatically ~~retrieves the ISO link~~ and installs common drivers like `Virtio`.
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- Supports installation in any direction, i.e., `Linux to Linux`, `Linux to Windows`, `Windows to Windows`, `Windows to Linux`
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- No need to input IP parameters; automatically recognizes dynamic and static IPs, supports `/32`, `/128`, `gateway outside subnet`, `IPv6 only`, `dual NIC`
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- Specially optimized for low-spec servers, requires less memory than the official netboot
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- Uses partition table ID to identify hard drives throughout the process, ensuring no wrong disk is written
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- Supports BIOS and EFI boot, and ARM Server
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- No homemades image included, all resources are obtained in real-time from mirror sites
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## System Requirements
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The original system can be any system listed in the table.
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The system requirements for the target system are as follows:
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| System | Version | Memory | Disk |
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| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------- |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine | 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21 | 256 MB | 1 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.debian.org/favicon.ico" /> Debian | 9, 10, 11, 12 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/assets/7548515/f74b3d5b-085f-4df3-bcc9-8a9bd80bb16d" /> Kali | Rolling | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://canonical-subiquity.readthedocs-hosted.com/en/latest/_static/favicon.png" /> Ubuntu | 16.04 LTS - 24.04 LTS, 24.10 | 512 MB \* | 2 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/O1CN01oJnJZg1yK4RzI4Rx2_!!6000000006559-2-tps-118-118.png" /> Anolis | 7, 8, 23 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.redhat.com/favicon.ico" /> RHEL <img width="16" height="16" src="https://almalinux.org/fav/favicon.ico" /> AlmaLinux <img width="16" height="16" src="https://rockylinux.org/favicon.png" /> Rocky <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.oracle.com/asset/web/favicons/favicon-32.png" /> Oracle | 8, 9 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://opencloudos.org/qq.ico" /> OpenCloudOS | 8, 9, Stream 23 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.centos.org/assets/icons/favicon.svg" /> CentOS | 9, 10 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://fedoraproject.org/favicon.ico" /> Fedora | 40, 41 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.openeuler.org/favicon.ico" /> openEuler | 20.03 LTS - 24.03 LTS, 24.09 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://static.opensuse.org/favicon.ico" /> openSUSE | 15.6, Tumbleweed (Rolling) | 512 MB \* | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/99a542b6-6482-4086-addf-f192c06fef73" /> NixOS | 24.11 | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://archlinux.org/static/favicon.png" /> Arch | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.gentoo.org/assets/img/logo/gentoo-g.png" /> Gentoo | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://aosc.io/assets/distros/aosc-os.svg" /> AOSC OS | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.fnnas.com/favicon.ico" /> fnOS | Beta | 512 MB | 8 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (DD) | Any | 512 MB | Depends on image |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 - 2012 R2) | 512 MB | 25 GB |
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| <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows (ISO) | 10, 11 (Server 2016 - 2025) | 1 GB | 25 GB |
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\* Indicates installation using cloud images, not traditional network installation.
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^ Indicates requiring either 256 MB memory + 1.5 GB disk, or 512 MB memory + 1 GB disk
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> [!WARNING]
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> ❌ This script does not support OpenVZ or LXC virtual machines.
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>
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> Please use <https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation> instead.
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## Download (Current system is <img width="20" height="20" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux)
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For server outside China:
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```bash
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curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_
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```
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For server inside China:
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```bash
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curl -O https://gitlab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_
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```
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## Download (Current system is <img width="20" height="20" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows)
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> Before proceeding, please disable the 'Real-time protection' feature in `Windows Defender`. This feature may prevent `certutil` from downloading any files.
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<details>
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<summary>Resolving Script Download Issues on Windows 7</summary>
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Due to lack of support for TLS 1.2, SHA-256, or outdated root certificates, Windows Vista, 7, and Server 2008 (R2) may not be able to download scripts automatically. Manual downloading is required, as follows:
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Use Internet Explorer (enable TLS 1.2 in IE's advanced settings first) to download, or use Remote Desktop to save the following two files into the same directory:
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- <https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat>
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- <https://www.cygwin.com/setup-x86.exe>
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To use, run the downloaded `reinstall.bat`.
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</details>
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For server outside China:
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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For server inside China:
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```batch
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certutil -urlcache -f -split https://gitlab.com/bin456789/reinstall/-/raw/main/reinstall.bat
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```
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## Usage
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**All features** can be used on both Linux and Windows.
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- on Linux, run `bash reinstall.sh ...`
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- on Windows, first run `cmd`, then run `.\reinstall.bat ...`
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- If the link in the parameter contains special characters, it should be enclosed in `""`, not `''`.
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### Feature 1: Install <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.kernel.org/theme/images/logos/favicon.png" /> Linux
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- The username is `root` with a default password of `123@@@`.
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- When installing the latest version, the version number does not need to be specified.
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- Maximizes disk space usage: no boot partition (except for Fedora) and no swap partition.
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- Automatically selects different optimized kernels based on machine type, such as `Cloud` or `HWE` kernels.
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- When installing Red Hat, you must provide the `qcow2` image link obtained from <https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/rhel>. You can also install other RHEL-based OS, such as `Alibaba Cloud Linux` and `TencentOS Server`.
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- After reinstallation, if you need to change the SSH port or switch to key-based login, make sure to also modify the files inside `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/`.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh anolis 7|8|23
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opencloudos 8|9|23
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rocky 8|9
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redhat 8|9 --img="http://xxx.com/xxx.qcow2"
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oracle 8|9
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almalinux 8|9
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centos 9|10
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fedora 40|41
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nixos 24.11
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debian 9|10|11|12
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opensuse 15.6|tumbleweed
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alpine 3.18|3.19|3.20|3.21
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openeuler 20.03|22.03|24.03|24.09
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ubuntu 16.04|18.04|20.04|22.04|24.04|24.10 [--minimal]
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kali
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arch
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gentoo
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aosc
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fnos
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```
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#### Optional Parameters
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- `--password PASSWORD` Set the password
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- `--ssh-port PORT` Change the SSH port (for log observation during installation and for the new system)
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- `--web-port PORT` Change the Web port (for log observation during installation)
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- `--hold 2` Prevent reboot after installation completes, allowing SSH login to modify system content; the system is mounted at `/os` (this feature is not supported on Debian/Kali).
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> [!TIP]
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> When installing Debian/Kali, x86 architectures can monitor the installation progress through VNC in the background, while ARM architectures can use the serial console.
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>
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> When installing other systems, can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC in the background, serial console).
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> <br />Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install to Alpine via SSH by running `/trans.sh alpine`
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<details>
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<summary>Experimental Features</summary>
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Install Debian using a cloud image
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- Suitable for machines with slower CPUs
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh debian --ci
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```
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Install CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky, Fedora using ISO
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- Only supports machines with more than 2G of memory and dynamic IP.
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- Password is `123@@@`, and the SSH port is `22`; modifying them using parameters is not supported.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh centos --installer
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```
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Install Ubuntu using ISO
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- Only supports machines with more than 1G of memory and dynamic IP.
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- Password is `123@@@`, and the SSH port is `22`; modifying them using parameters is not supported.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh ubuntu --installer
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```
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</details>
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### Feature 2: DD
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- Supports `raw` and `vhd` image formats (either uncompressed or compressed as `.gz`, `.xz`, `.zst`, `.tar`, `.tar.gz`, `.tar.xz`, `.tar.zst`).
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- When deploy a Windows image, the system disk will be automatically expanded, and machines with a static IP will have their IP configured, and may take a few minutes after the first boot for the configuration to take effect.
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- When deploy a Linux image, will **NOT** modify any contents of the image.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh dd --img "https://example.com/xxx.xz"
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```
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#### Optional parameters
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- `--allow-ping` Allow ping responses (DD Windows only)
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- `--rdp-port PORT` Change RDP port (DD Windows only)
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- `--ssh-port PORT` Change SSH port (for log observation during installation)
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- `--web-port PORT` Change Web port (for log observation during installation)
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- `--hold 2` Prevent reboot after the DD process finishes, allowing SSH login to modify system content. The Windows system will be mounted at `/os`, but Linux systems will **NOT** be automatically mounted.
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> [!TIP]
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> Can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC in the background, serial console).
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> <br />Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install to Alpine via SSH by running `/trans.sh alpine`
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### Feature 3: Reboot to <img width="16" height="16" src="https://www.alpinelinux.org/alpine-logo.ico" /> Alpine Live OS (RAM OS)
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- You can use SSH to backup/restore disk, manually perform DD operations, modify partitions, and manually install Alpine, Arch, Gentoo, and other systems.
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- Username `root`, Default password `123@@@`
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- If manual operations do not damage the original system, rebooting will return to the original system.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1
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```
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#### Optional parameters
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- `--password PASSWORD` Set password
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- `--ssh-port PORT` Change SSH port
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### Feature 4: Reboot to <img width="16" height="16" src="https://netboot.xyz/img/favicon.ico" /> netboot.xyz
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- Can manually install [more systems](https://github.com/netbootxyz/netboot.xyz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-operating-systems-are-currently-available-on-netbootxyz) using vendor backend VNC.
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- If manual operations do not damage the original system, rebooting will return to the original system.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz
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```
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### Feature 5: Install <img width="16" height="16" src="https://blogs.windows.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/09/cropped-Windows11IconTransparent512-32x32.png" /> Windows ISO
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- Username `administrator`, Default password `123@@@`
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- If remote login fails, try using the username `.\administrator`.
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- The machine with a static IP will automatically configure the IP. It may take a few minutes to take effect on the first boot.
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- Supports all languages.
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#### Supported Systems
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- Windows (Vista ~ 11)
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- Windows Server (2008 ~ 2025)
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- Windows Server Essentials \*
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- Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel \*
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- Hyper-V Server \*
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- Azure Stack HCI \*
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#### ~~Method 1: Let the Script Automatically Search for ISO~~
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> [!CAUTION]
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> The ISO repository currently prohibits direct link downloads, so this method is no longer effective.
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- The script will search for ISOs from <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media>, a site that collects official ISOs.
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- Systems marked with \* do not support automatic ISO searching.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name "Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024" \
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--lang zh-cn
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```
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<details>
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<summary>Supported languages</summary>
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```text
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ar-sa
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bg-bg
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cs-cz
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da-dk
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de-de
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el-gr
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en-gb
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en-us
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es-es
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es-mx
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et-ee
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fi-fi
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fr-ca
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fr-fr
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he-il
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hr-hr
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hu-hu
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it-it
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ja-jp
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ko-kr
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lt-lt
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lv-lv
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nb-no
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nl-nl
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pl-pl
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pt-pt
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pt-br
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ro-ro
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ru-ru
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sk-sk
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sl-si
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sr-latn-rs
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sv-se
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th-th
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tr-tr
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uk-ua
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zh-cn
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zh-hk
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zh-tw
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```
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</details>
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#### Method 2: Specify the ISO link manually
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- If you don't know the `--image-name`, you can enter any value. After rebooting, connect via SSH and re-enter the correct value based on the error messages.
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name "Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024" \
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--iso "https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2289029"
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```
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or Magnet Link
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```bash
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bash reinstall.sh windows \
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--image-name "Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024" \
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--iso "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:7352bd2db48c3381dffa783763dc75aa4a6f1cff"
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```
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<details>
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<summary>The following website provides ISO links.</summary>
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- General
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- <https://msdl.gravesoft.dev>
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- <https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media>
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- <https://next.itellyou.cn>
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- <https://www.xitongku.com>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10> (Need to open it with a non-Windows User-Agent)
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11arm64>
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- Evaluation
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-10-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-enterprise>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-iot-enterprise-ltsc-eval>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2012-r2>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2016>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2019>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2022>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2025>
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- Insider Preview
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewiso>
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- <https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewserver>
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</details>
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#### Optional parameters
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- `--password PASSWORD` Set Password
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- `--allow-ping` Configures the Windows firewall to allow ping requests
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- `--rdp-port PORT` Change RDP port
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- `--ssh-port PORT` Change SSH port (for log observation during installation)
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- `--web-port PORT` Change Web port (for log observation during installation)
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- `--add-driver INF_OR_DIR` Add additional driver, specifying .inf path, or the folder contains .inf file.
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- The driver must be downloaded locally first.
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- This parameter can be set multiple times to add different driver.
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- `--hold 2` Allow SSH connections for modifying the disk content before rebooting into the official Windows installation program, with the disk mounted at `/os`.
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#### The following drivers will automatic download and install as needed, without the need for manual addition
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- Virtio ([Virtio](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/), [Alibaba Cloud](https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/ecs/user-guide/update-red-hat-virtio-drivers-of-windows-instances))
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- XEN ([XEN](https://xenproject.org/resources/downloads/), [Citrix](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/Upgrading_PV_drivers.html#win2008-citrix-upgrade), [AWS](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html))
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- AWS ([ENA Network Adapter](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ena-driver-releases-windows.html), [NVMe Storage Controller](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/nvme-driver-version-history.html))
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- GCP ([gVNIC Network Adapter](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic), [GGA Display Adapter](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display))
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- Azure ([MANA Network Adapter](https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows))
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- Intel ([VMD Storage Controller](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/720755/intel-rapid-storage-technology-driver-installation-software-with-intel-optane-memory-11th-up-to-13th-gen-platforms.html))
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#### How to Specify the Image Name `--image-name`
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Typically, an ISO will contain multiple system versions, such as Home Edition and Professional Edition. The image name `--image-name` is used to specify the version to be installed, and it is case-insensitive when entered.
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You can use tools like DISM, DISM++, or Wimlib to query the image names included in the ISO.
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Commonly used image names include:
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```text
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Windows 7 Ultimate
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Windows 11 Pro
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Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024
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Windows Server 2025 SERVERDATACENTER
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|
```
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#### How to Use [DISM++](https://github.com/Chuyu-Team/Dism-Multi-language/releases) to Query the Image Names Included in the ISO
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Open File menu > Open Image File, select the iso to be installed to get the image name (full system name), and all available image names are installable.
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> [!WARNING]
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> Vista (Server 2008) and 32-bit systems may lack drivers.
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|
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> [!WARNING]
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> For EFI machines without CSM enabled, Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2) cannot be installed.
|
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>
|
|
> Hyper-V (Azure) requires selecting the appropriate VM generation: <https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/plan/should-i-create-a-generation-1-or-2-virtual-machine-in-hyper-v>
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> [!WARNING]
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|
> In the Chinese version of Windows 10 LTSC 2021 ISO `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso`, the `wsappx` process may indefinitely consume CPU resources.
|
|
>
|
|
> The solution is to update the system patches or manually install the `VCLibs` library <https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx>.
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|
|
#### Considerations for Installing Windows on ARM
|
|
|
|
Most ARM machines support installing Windows 11 24H2.
|
|
|
|
During the installation process, you might encounter a black screen, and the serial console may display `ConvertPages: failed to find range`, but neither issue affects the installation.
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|
|
| Compatibility | Cloud Provider | Instance Type | Issues |
|
|
| ------------- | -------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
|
|
| ✔️ | Azure | B2pts_v2 | |
|
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| ✔️ | Alibaba Cloud | g6r, c6r | |
|
|
| ✔️ | Alibaba Cloud | g8y, c8y, r8y | There is a chance of hanging at the boot logo during restart; forced reboot will resolve it. |
|
|
| ✔️ | AWS | T4g | |
|
|
| ✔️ | Scaleway | COPARM1 | |
|
|
| ✔️ | Gcore | | |
|
|
| ❔ | Oracle Cloud | A1.Flex | Installation success is not guaranteed; newer instances are more likely to succeed.<br />Manual loading of GPU drivers is required after installation. |
|
|
| ❌ | Google Cloud | t2a | Missing network card drivers |
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|
|
<details>
|
|
|
|
<summary>Loading Graphics Driver on Oracle Cloud</summary>
|
|
|
|
Log in to the server using Remote Desktop, open Device Manager, locate the graphics card, select "Update Driver," and choose `Red Hat VirtIO GPU DOD controller` from the list. There's no need to download the drivers in advance.
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</details>
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|
## Discussion
|
|
|
|
[](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/issues)
|
|
[](https://t.me/reinstall_os)
|
|
|
|
## How to Modify the Script for Your Own
|
|
|
|
1. Fork this repository.
|
|
2. Modify the `confhome` and `confhome_cn` at the beginning of `reinstall.sh` and `reinstall.bat`.
|
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3. Make changes to the other code.
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|
## Thanks
|
|
|
|
[](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789)
|
|
|
|
Thanks to the following businesses for providing free servers.
|
|
|
|
[](https://www.oracle.com/cloud/)
|
|
[](https://dartnode.com/)
|