reinstall/README.en.md

reinstall

One-Click system reinstallation script for VPS 中文

Introduction

• One-click reinstallation to Linux: Supports 19 common distributions.
• One-click reinstallation to Windows: Uses the official original ISO instead of custom images. The script can automatically fetch the ISO link and installs public cloud drivers like VirtIO.
• Supports reinstallation in any direction, i.e., Linux to Linux, Linux to Windows, Windows to Windows, Windows to Linux
• Automatically configures IP and intelligently sets it as static or dynamic. Supports /32, /128, gateway outside subnet, IPv6 only, IPv4/IPv6 on different NIC
• Specially optimized for low-spec servers, requires less memory than the official netboot
• Uses partition table ID to identify hard drives throughout the process, ensuring no wrong disk is written
• Supports BIOS and EFI boot, and ARM Server
• No homemades image included, all resources are obtained in real-time from mirror sites

If this helped you, you can buy me a milk tea.

Feedback

Quick Start

• Download
• Feature 1. One-click reinstallation to Linux
• Feature 2. One-click DD Raw image to hard disk
• Feature 3. One-click reboot to Alpine Live OS in-memory system
• Feature 4. One-click reboot to netboot.xyz
• Feature 5. One-click reinstallation to Windows

System Requirements

The original system can be any system listed in the table.

The system requirements for the target system are as follows:

System	Version	Memory	Disk
Alpine	3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22	256 MB	1 GB
Debian	9, 10, 11, 12, 13	256 MB	1 ~ 1.5 GB ^
Kali	Rolling	256 MB	1 ~ 1.5 GB ^
Ubuntu	16.04 LTS - 24.04 LTS, 25.04	512 MB *	2 GB
Anolis	7, 8, 23	512 MB *	5 GB
RHEL   AlmaLinux   Rocky   Oracle	8, 9, 10	512 MB *	5 GB
OpenCloudOS	8, 9, Stream 23	512 MB *	5 GB
CentOS Stream	9, 10	512 MB *	5 GB
Fedora	41, 42	512 MB *	5 GB
openEuler	20.03 LTS - 24.03 LTS, 25.09	512 MB *	5 GB
openSUSE	Leap 15.6, Tumbleweed (Rolling)	512 MB *	5 GB
NixOS	25.05	512 MB	5 GB
Arch	Rolling	512 MB	5 GB
Gentoo	Rolling	512 MB	5 GB
AOSC OS	Rolling	512 MB	5 GB
fnOS	Beta	512 MB	8 GB
Windows (DD)	Any	512 MB	Depends on image
Windows (ISO)	Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 - 2012 R2)	512 MB	25 GB
Windows (ISO)	10, 11 (Server 2016 - 2025)	1 GB	25 GB

* Indicates installation using cloud images, not traditional network installation.

^ Indicates requiring either 256 MB memory + 1.5 GB disk, or 512 MB memory + 1 GB disk

Warning

In theory it also supports dedicated servers and PCs

but if you can use IPMI or a USB drive, this script is not recommended.

Warning

❌ This script does not support OpenVZ or LXC virtual machines.

Please use https://github.com/LloydAsp/OsMutation instead.

Download (Current system is Linux)

For server outside China:

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O ${_##*/} $_

For server inside China:

curl -O https://cnb.cool/bin456789/reinstall/-/git/raw/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O ${_##*/} $_

Download (Current system is Windows)

Important

Before proceeding, please disable the 'Real-time protection' feature in Windows Defender. This feature may prevent certutil from downloading any files.

Resolving Script Download Issues on Windows 7

Due to lack of support for TLS 1.2, SHA-256, or outdated root certificates, Windows Vista, 7, and Server 2008 (R2) may not be able to download scripts automatically. Manual downloading is required, as follows:

Use Internet Explorer (enable TLS 1.2 in IE's advanced settings first) to download, or use Remote Desktop to save the following two files into the same directory:

• https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat

• https://www.cygwin.com/setup-x86.exe

To use, run the downloaded reinstall.bat.

For server outside China:

certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat

For server inside China:

certutil -urlcache -f -split https://cnb.cool/bin456789/reinstall/-/git/raw/main/reinstall.bat

Usage

All features can be used on both Linux and Windows.

• on Linux, run bash reinstall.sh ...
• on Windows, first run cmd, then run .\reinstall.bat ...
  • If the link in the parameter contains special characters, it should be enclosed in "", not ''.

Feature 1: Install Linux

Caution

This feature will erase the entire hard disk of the current system (including other partitions)!

Data is priceless — please think twice before proceeding!

• The username is root with a default password of 123@@@.
• When installing the latest version, the version number does not need to be specified.
• Maximizes disk space usage: no boot partition (except for Fedora) and no swap partition.
• Automatically selects different optimized kernels based on machine type, such as Cloud or HWE kernels.
• When installing Red Hat, you must provide the qcow2 image link obtained from https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/rhel. You can also install other RHEL-based OS, such as Alibaba Cloud Linux and TencentOS Server.
• After reinstallation, if you need to change the SSH port or switch to key-based login, make sure to also modify the files inside /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/.

bash reinstall.sh anolis      7|8|23
                  rocky       8|9|10
                  oracle      8|9|10
                  almalinux   8|9|10
                  opencloudos 8|9|23
                  centos      9|10
                  fedora      41|42
                  nixos       25.05
                  debian      9|10|11|12|13
                  opensuse    15.6|tumbleweed
                  alpine      3.19|3.20|3.21|3.22
                  openeuler   20.03|22.03|24.03|25.09
                  ubuntu      16.04|18.04|20.04|22.04|24.04|25.04 [--minimal]
                  kali
                  arch
                  gentoo
                  aosc
                  fnos
                  redhat      --img="http://access.cdn.redhat.com/xxx.qcow2"

Optional Parameters

• --password PASSWORD Set the password
• --ssh-key KEY Set up SSH login public key, formatted as follows. When using public key, password is empty.
• --ssh-port PORT Change the SSH port (for log observation during installation and for the new system)
• --web-port PORT Change the Web port (for log observation during installation only)
• --frpc-toml /path/to/frpc.toml Add frpc for intranet tunneling
• --hold 2 Prevent reboot after installation completes, allowing SSH login to modify system content; the system is mounted at /os (this feature is not supported on Debian/Kali).

Tip

When installing Debian/Kali, x86 architectures can monitor the installation progress through VNC from server provider, while ARM architectures can use the serial console.

When installing other systems, can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC from server provider, serial console).
Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install to Alpine via SSH by running /trans.sh alpine

Experimental Features

Install Debian using a cloud image

• Suitable for machines with slower CPUs

bash reinstall.sh debian --ci

Install CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky, Fedora using ISO

• Only supports machines with more than 2G of memory and dynamic IP.
• Password is 123@@@, and the SSH port is 22; modifying them using parameters is not supported.

bash reinstall.sh centos --installer

Install Ubuntu using ISO

• Only supports machines with more than 1G of memory and dynamic IP.
• Password is 123@@@, and the SSH port is 22; modifying them using parameters is not supported.

bash reinstall.sh ubuntu --installer

Feature 2: DD RAW image to hard disk

Caution

This feature will erase the entire hard disk of the current system (including other partitions)!

Data is priceless — please think twice before proceeding!

• Supports raw and vhd image formats (either uncompressed or compressed as .gz, .xz, .zst, .tar, .tar.gz, .tar.xz, .tar.zst).
• When deploy a Windows image, the system disk will be automatically expanded, and machines with a static IP will have their IP configured, and may take a few minutes after the first boot for the configuration to take effect.
• When deploy a Linux image, will NOT modify any contents of the image.

bash reinstall.sh dd --img "https://example.com/xxx.xz"

Optional Parameters

• --allow-ping Configure Windows Firewall to Allow Ping Responses (DD Windows only)
• --rdp-port PORT Change RDP port (DD Windows only)
• --ssh-port PORT Change SSH port (for log observation during installation)
• --web-port PORT Change Web port (for log observation during installation)
• --frpc-toml /path/to/frpc.toml Add frpc for intranet tunneling (DD Windows only)
• --hold 2 Prevent reboot after the DD process finishes, allowing SSH login to modify system content. The Windows system will be mounted at /os, but Linux systems will NOT be automatically mounted.

Tip

Can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC from server provider, serial console).
Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install to Alpine via SSH by running /trans.sh alpine

Feature 3: Reboot to Alpine Live OS (RAM OS)

• You can use SSH to backup/restore disk, manually perform DD operations, partition modifications, manual Alpine installation, and other operations.
• Username root, Default password 123@@@

Tip

Although the script being run is reinstall, this feature does not delete any data or perform an automatic reinstallation; manual user operation is required.

If the user does not damage the original system during manual operation, rebooting will return to the original system.

bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1

Optional Parameters

• --password PASSWORD Set password
• --ssh-port PORT Change SSH port
• --ssh-key KEY Set up SSH login public key, formatted as follows. When using public key, password is empty.
• --frpc-toml /path/to/frpc.toml Add frpc for intranet tunneling

Feature 4: Reboot to netboot.xyz

• Can manually install more systems using vendor backend VNC.

Tip

Although the script being run is reinstall, this feature does not delete any data or perform an automatic reinstallation; manual user operation is required.

If the user does not damage the original system during manual operation, rebooting will return to the original system.

bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz

Feature 5: Install Windows ISO

Caution

This feature will erase the entire hard disk of the current system (including other partitions)!

Data is priceless — please think twice before proceeding!

• Username administrator, Default password 123@@@
• If remote login fails, try using the username .\administrator.
• The machine with a static IP will automatically configure the IP. It may take a few minutes to take effect on the first boot.
• Supports all languages.

Supported Systems

• Windows (Vista ~ 11)
• Windows Server (2008 ~ 2025)
  • Windows Server Essentials *
  • Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel *
  • Hyper-V Server *
  • Azure Local (Azure Stack HCI) *

Method 1: Let the Script Automatically Search for ISO

• The script will search for ISOs from https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media, a site that collects official ISOs.
• Systems marked with * do not support automatic ISO searching.

bash reinstall.sh windows \
     --image-name "Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024" \
     --lang zh-cn

Supported languages

ar-sa
bg-bg
cs-cz
da-dk
de-de
el-gr
en-gb
en-us
es-es
es-mx
et-ee
fi-fi
fr-ca
fr-fr
he-il
hr-hr
hu-hu
it-it
ja-jp
ko-kr
lt-lt
lv-lv
nb-no
nl-nl
pl-pl
pt-pt
pt-br
ro-ro
ru-ru
sk-sk
sl-si
sr-latn-rs
sv-se
th-th
tr-tr
uk-ua
zh-cn
zh-hk
zh-tw

Method 2: Specify the ISO link manually

• If you don't know the --image-name, you can enter any value. After rebooting, connect via SSH and re-enter the correct value based on the error messages.

bash reinstall.sh windows \
     --image-name "Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024 Evaluation" \
     --iso "https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2289029"

or Magnet Link

bash reinstall.sh windows \
     --image-name "Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024" \
     --iso "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:7352bd2db48c3381dffa783763dc75aa4a6f1cff"

The following website provides ISO links.

• General
  • https://msdl.gravesoft.dev
  • https://massgrave.dev/genuine-installation-media
  • https://next.itellyou.cn
  • https://www.xitongku.com
  • https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10 (Need to open it with a non-Windows User-Agent)
  • https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11
  • https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows11arm64
• Evaluation
  • https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-10-enterprise
  • https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-enterprise
  • https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-11-iot-enterprise-ltsc-eval
  • https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2012-r2
  • https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2016
  • https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2019
  • https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2022
  • https://www.microsoft.com/evalcenter/download-windows-server-2025
• Insider Preview
  • https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewiso
  • https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windowsinsiderpreviewserver

Optional Parameters

• --password PASSWORD Set Password
• --allow-ping Configure Windows Firewall to Allow Ping Responses
• --rdp-port PORT Change RDP port
• --ssh-port PORT Change SSH port (for log observation during installation only)
• --web-port PORT Change Web port (for log observation during installation only)
• --add-driver INF_OR_DIR Add additional driver, specifying .inf path, or the folder contains .inf file.
  • The driver must be downloaded to current system first.
  • This parameter can be set multiple times to add different driver.
• --frpc-toml /path/to/frpc.toml Add frpc for intranet tunneling
• --hold 2 Allow SSH connections for modifying the disk content before rebooting into the official Windows installation program, with the disk mounted at /os.

The following drivers will automatic download and install as needed, without the need for manual addition

• VirtIO (Community, Alibaba Cloud, Tencent Cloud, GCP)
• XEN (Community (unsigned), Citrix, AWS)
• AWS (ENA Network Adapter, NVME Storage Controller)
• GCP (gVNIC Network Adapter, GGA Display Adapter)
• Azure (MANA Network Adapter)
• Intel (VMD Storage Controller, Network Adapter: 7, 8, 8.1, 10, 11, 2008 R2, 2012, 2012 R2, 2016, 2019, 2022, 2025)

How to Specify the Image Name --image-name

An ISO usually contains multiple system editions, such as Home and Pro. Therefore, you need to use --image-name to specify the system edition (image name) to install, case-insensitive.

You can use tools like DISM, DISM++, or Wimlib to query the image names included in the ISO.

Commonly used image names include:

Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 11 Pro
Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024
Windows Server 2025 SERVERDATACENTER

How to Use DISM++ to Query the Image Names Included in the ISO

Open File menu > Open Image File, select the iso to be installed to get the image name (full system name), and all available image names are installable.

Warning

Vista (Server 2008) and 32-bit systems may lack drivers.

Warning

For EFI machines without CSM enabled, Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2) cannot be installed.

Hyper-V (Azure) requires selecting the appropriate VM generation: https://learn.microsoft.com/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/plan/should-i-create-a-generation-1-or-2-virtual-machine-in-hyper-v

Warning

In the Chinese version of Windows 10 LTSC 2021 ISO zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso, the wsappx process may indefinitely consume CPU resources.

The solution is to update the system patches or manually install the VCLibs library https://www.google.com/search?q=ltsc+wsappx.

Considerations for Installing Windows on ARM

Most ARM machines support installing latest Windows 11.

During the installation process, you might encounter a black screen, and the serial console may display ConvertPages: failed to find range, but neither issue affects the installation.

Compatibility	Cloud Provider	Instance Type	Issues
✔️	Azure	B2pts_v2
✔️	Alibaba Cloud	g6r, c6r
✔️	Alibaba Cloud	g8y, c8y, r8y	There is a chance of hanging at the boot logo during restart; forced reboot will resolve it.
✔️	AWS	T4g
✔️	Scaleway	COPARM1
✔️	Gcore
❔	Oracle Cloud	A1.Flex	Installation success is not guaranteed; newer instances are more likely to succeed. Manual loading of GPU drivers is required after installation.
❌	Google Cloud	t2a	Missing network card drivers

Loading Graphics Driver on Oracle Cloud

Log in to the server using Remote Desktop, open Device Manager, locate the graphics card, select "Update Driver," and choose Red Hat VirtIO GPU DOD controller from the list. There's no need to download the drivers in advance.

Parameter Format

--ssh-key

• --ssh-key "ssh-rsa ..."
• --ssh-key "ssh-ed25519 ..."
• --ssh-key "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256/384/521 ..."
• --ssh-key http://path/to/public_key
• --ssh-key github:your_username
• --ssh-key gitlab:your_username
• --ssh-key /path/to/public_key
• --ssh-key C:\path\to\public_key

How to Modify the Script for Your Own

1. Fork this repository.
2. Modify the confhome and confhome_cn at the beginning of reinstall.sh and reinstall.bat.
3. Make changes to the other code.

Thanks

Thanks to the following businesses for providing free servers.