# reinstall [](https://app.codacy.com/gh/bin456789/reinstall/dashboard) [](https://www.codefactor.io/repository/github/bin456789/reinstall) [](https://github.com/XAMPPRocky/tokei_rs) [](https://t.me/reinstall_os) [](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789) One-Click Script to Reinstall System [中文](README.md) [](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789) ## Highlights - One-click Linux installation: Supports 19 common distributions. - One-click Windows installation: Uses the official ISO for installation instead of custom images. The script can automatically retrieves the ISO link and installs common drivers like `Virtio`. - Supports installation in any direction, i.e., `Linux to Linux`, `Linux to Windows`, `Windows to Windows`, `Windows to Linux` - No need to input IP parameters; automatically recognizes dynamic and static IPs, supports `/32`, `/128`, `gateway outside subnet`, `IPv6 only`, `dual NIC` - Specially optimized for low-spec servers, requires less memory than the official netboot - Uses partition table ID to identify hard drives throughout the process, ensuring no wrong disk is written - Supports BIOS and EFI boot, and ARM Server - No homemades image included, all resources are obtained in real-time from mirror sites ## System Requirements The original system can be any system listed in the table. The system requirements for the target system are as follows: | System | Version | Memory | Disk | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------- | | Alpine | 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22 | 256 MB | 1 GB | | Debian | 9, 10, 11, 12 | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ | | Kali | Rolling | 256 MB | 1 ~ 1.5 GB ^ | | Ubuntu | 16.04 LTS - 24.04 LTS, 25.04 | 512 MB \* | 2 GB | | Anolis | 7, 8, 23 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB | | RHEL   AlmaLinux   Rocky   Oracle | 8, 9, 10 (if released) | 512 MB \* | 5 GB | | OpenCloudOS | 8, 9, Stream 23 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB | | CentOS Stream | 9, 10 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB | | Fedora | 41, 42 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB | | openEuler | 20.03 LTS - 24.03 LTS, 25.03 | 512 MB \* | 5 GB | | openSUSE | Leap 15.6, Tumbleweed (Rolling) | 512 MB \* | 5 GB | | NixOS | 25.05 | 512 MB | 5 GB | | Arch | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB | | Gentoo | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB | | AOSC OS | Rolling | 512 MB | 5 GB | | fnOS | Beta | 512 MB | 8 GB | | Windows (DD) | Any | 512 MB | Depends on image | | Windows (ISO) | Vista, 7, 8.x (Server 2008 - 2012 R2) | 512 MB | 25 GB | | Windows (ISO) | 10, 11 (Server 2016 - 2025) | 1 GB | 25 GB | \* Indicates installation using cloud images, not traditional network installation. ^ Indicates requiring either 256 MB memory + 1.5 GB disk, or 512 MB memory + 1 GB disk > [!WARNING] > ❌ This script does not support OpenVZ or LXC virtual machines. > > Please use instead. ## Download (Current system is Linux) For server outside China: ```bash curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_ ``` For server inside China: ```bash curl -O https://cnb.cool/bin456789/reinstall/-/git/raw/main/reinstall.sh || wget -O reinstall.sh $_ ``` ## Download (Current system is Windows) > [!IMPORTANT] > Before proceeding, please disable the 'Real-time protection' feature in `Windows Defender`. This feature may prevent `certutil` from downloading any files.

Resolving Script Download Issues on Windows 7

Due to lack of support for TLS 1.2, SHA-256, or outdated root certificates, Windows Vista, 7, and Server 2008 (R2) may not be able to download scripts automatically. Manual downloading is required, as follows: Use Internet Explorer (enable TLS 1.2 in IE's advanced settings first) to download, or use Remote Desktop to save the following two files into the same directory: - - To use, run the downloaded `reinstall.bat`.

For server outside China: ```batch certutil -urlcache -f -split https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bin456789/reinstall/main/reinstall.bat ``` For server inside China: ```batch certutil -urlcache -f -split https://cnb.cool/bin456789/reinstall/-/git/raw/main/reinstall.bat ``` ## Usage **All features** can be used on both Linux and Windows. - on Linux, run `bash reinstall.sh ...` - on Windows, first run `cmd`, then run `.\reinstall.bat ...` - If the link in the parameter contains special characters, it should be enclosed in `""`, not `''`. ### Feature 1: Install Linux - The username is `root` with a default password of `123@@@`. - When installing the latest version, the version number does not need to be specified. - Maximizes disk space usage: no boot partition (except for Fedora) and no swap partition. - Automatically selects different optimized kernels based on machine type, such as `Cloud` or `HWE` kernels. - When installing Red Hat, you must provide the `qcow2` image link obtained from . You can also install other RHEL-based OS, such as `Alibaba Cloud Linux` and `TencentOS Server`. - After reinstallation, if you need to change the SSH port or switch to key-based login, make sure to also modify the files inside `/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/`. ```bash bash reinstall.sh anolis 7|8|23 rocky 8|9 oracle 8|9 almalinux 8|9|10 opencloudos 8|9|23 centos 9|10 fedora 41|42 nixos 25.05 debian 9|10|11|12 opensuse 15.6|tumbleweed alpine 3.19|3.20|3.21|3.22 openeuler 20.03|22.03|24.03|25.03 ubuntu 16.04|18.04|20.04|22.04|24.04|25.04 [--minimal] kali arch gentoo aosc fnos redhat --img="http://access.cdn.redhat.com/xxx.qcow2" ``` #### Optional Parameters - `--password PASSWORD` Set the password - `--ssh-key KEY` Set up SSH login public key, supports these formats. When using public key, password is empty. - `--ssh-key "ssh-rsa ..."` - `--ssh-key "ssh-ed25519 ..."` - `--ssh-key "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256/384/521 ..."` - `--ssh-key http://path/to/public_key` - `--ssh-key github:your_username` - `--ssh-key gitlab:your_username` - `--ssh-key /path/to/public_key` - `--ssh-key C:\path\to\public_key` - `--ssh-port PORT` Change the SSH port (for log observation during installation and for the new system) - `--web-port PORT` Change the Web port (for log observation during installation) - `--frpc-toml /path/to/frpc.toml` Add frpc for intranet tunneling - `--hold 2` Prevent reboot after installation completes, allowing SSH login to modify system content; the system is mounted at `/os` (this feature is not supported on Debian/Kali). > [!TIP] > When installing Debian/Kali, x86 architectures can monitor the installation progress through VNC from server provider, while ARM architectures can use the serial console. > > When installing other systems, can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC from server provider, serial console). >
Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install to Alpine via SSH by running `/trans.sh alpine`

Experimental Features

Install Debian using a cloud image - Suitable for machines with slower CPUs ```bash bash reinstall.sh debian --ci ``` Install CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky, Fedora using ISO - Only supports machines with more than 2G of memory and dynamic IP. - Password is `123@@@`, and the SSH port is `22`; modifying them using parameters is not supported. ```bash bash reinstall.sh centos --installer ``` Install Ubuntu using ISO - Only supports machines with more than 1G of memory and dynamic IP. - Password is `123@@@`, and the SSH port is `22`; modifying them using parameters is not supported. ```bash bash reinstall.sh ubuntu --installer ```

### Feature 2: DD - Supports `raw` and `vhd` image formats (either uncompressed or compressed as `.gz`, `.xz`, `.zst`, `.tar`, `.tar.gz`, `.tar.xz`, `.tar.zst`). - When deploy a Windows image, the system disk will be automatically expanded, and machines with a static IP will have their IP configured, and may take a few minutes after the first boot for the configuration to take effect. - When deploy a Linux image, will **NOT** modify any contents of the image. ```bash bash reinstall.sh dd --img "https://example.com/xxx.xz" ``` #### Optional Parameters - `--allow-ping` Configure Windows Firewall to Allow Ping Responses (DD Windows only) - `--rdp-port PORT` Change RDP port (DD Windows only) - `--ssh-port PORT` Change SSH port (for log observation during installation) - `--web-port PORT` Change Web port (for log observation during installation) - `--frpc-toml /path/to/frpc.toml` Add frpc for intranet tunneling (DD Windows only) - `--hold 2` Prevent reboot after the DD process finishes, allowing SSH login to modify system content. The Windows system will be mounted at `/os`, but Linux systems will **NOT** be automatically mounted. > [!TIP] > Can monitor the progress through various methods (SSH, HTTP 80 port, VNC from server provider, serial console). >
Even if errors occur during the installation process, you can still install to Alpine via SSH by running `/trans.sh alpine` ### Feature 3: Reboot to Alpine Live OS (RAM OS) - You can use SSH to backup/restore disk, manually perform DD operations, modify partitions, and manually install Alpine, Arch, Gentoo, and other systems. - Username `root`, Default password `123@@@` - If manual operations do not damage the original system, rebooting will return to the original system. ```bash bash reinstall.sh alpine --hold=1 ``` #### Optional Parameters - `--password PASSWORD` Set password - `--ssh-port PORT` Change SSH port - `--ssh-key KEY` Set up SSH login public key, supports these formats. When using public key, password is empty. - `--ssh-key "ssh-rsa ..."` - `--ssh-key "ssh-ed25519 ..."` - `--ssh-key "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256/384/521 ..."` - `--ssh-key http://path/to/public_key` - `--ssh-key github:your_username` - `--ssh-key gitlab:your_username` - `--ssh-key /path/to/public_key` - `--ssh-key C:\path\to\public_key` - `--frpc-toml /path/to/frpc.toml` Add frpc for intranet tunneling ### Feature 4: Reboot to netboot.xyz - Can manually install [more systems](https://github.com/netbootxyz/netboot.xyz?tab=readme-ov-file#what-operating-systems-are-currently-available-on-netbootxyz) using vendor backend VNC. - If manual operations do not damage the original system, rebooting will return to the original system. ```bash bash reinstall.sh netboot.xyz ```  ### Feature 5: Install Windows ISO  - Username `administrator`, Default password `123@@@` - If remote login fails, try using the username `.\administrator`. - The machine with a static IP will automatically configure the IP. It may take a few minutes to take effect on the first boot. - Supports all languages. #### Supported Systems - Windows (Vista ~ 11) - Windows Server (2008 ~ 2025) - Windows Server Essentials \* - Windows Server (Semi) Annual Channel \* - Hyper-V Server \* - Azure Stack HCI \* #### Method 1: Let the Script Automatically Search for ISO - The script will search for ISOs from , a site that collects official ISOs. - Systems marked with \* do not support automatic ISO searching. ```bash bash reinstall.sh windows \ --image-name "Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024" \ --lang zh-cn ```

Supported languages

```text ar-sa bg-bg cs-cz da-dk de-de el-gr en-gb en-us es-es es-mx et-ee fi-fi fr-ca fr-fr he-il hr-hr hu-hu it-it ja-jp ko-kr lt-lt lv-lv nb-no nl-nl pl-pl pt-pt pt-br ro-ro ru-ru sk-sk sl-si sr-latn-rs sv-se th-th tr-tr uk-ua zh-cn zh-hk zh-tw ```

#### Method 2: Specify the ISO link manually - If you don't know the `--image-name`, you can enter any value. After rebooting, connect via SSH and re-enter the correct value based on the error messages. ```bash bash reinstall.sh windows \ --image-name "Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024 Evaluation" \ --iso "https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2289029" ``` or Magnet Link ```bash bash reinstall.sh windows \ --image-name "Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024" \ --iso "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:7352bd2db48c3381dffa783763dc75aa4a6f1cff" ```

The following website provides ISO links.

- General - - - - - (Need to open it with a non-Windows User-Agent) - - - Evaluation - - - - - - - - - Insider Preview - -

#### Optional Parameters - `--password PASSWORD` Set Password - `--allow-ping` Configure Windows Firewall to Allow Ping Responses - `--rdp-port PORT` Change RDP port - `--ssh-port PORT` Change SSH port (for log observation during installation) - `--web-port PORT` Change Web port (for log observation during installation) - `--add-driver INF_OR_DIR` Add additional driver, specifying .inf path, or the folder contains .inf file. - The driver must be downloaded locally first. - This parameter can be set multiple times to add different driver. - `--frpc-toml /path/to/frpc.toml` Add frpc for intranet tunneling - `--hold 2` Allow SSH connections for modifying the disk content before rebooting into the official Windows installation program, with the disk mounted at `/os`. #### The following drivers will automatic download and install as needed, without the need for manual addition - Virtio ([Virtio][virtio-virtio], [Alibaba Cloud][virtio-aliyun], [Tencent Cloud][virtio-qcloud], [GCP][virtio-gcp]) - XEN ([~~XEN~~][xen-xen] (unsigned), [Citrix][xen-citrix], [AWS][xen-aws]) - AWS ([ENA Network Adapter][aws-ena], [NVME Storage Controller][aws-nvme]) - GCP ([gVNIC Network Adapter][gcp-gvnic], [GGA Display Adapter][gcp-gga]) - Azure ([MANA Network Adapter][azure-mana]) - Intel ([VMD Storage Controller][intel-vmd], Network Adapter: [7][intel-nic-7], [8][intel-nic-8], [8.1][intel-nic-8.1], [10][intel-nic-10], [11][intel-nic-11], [2008 R2][intel-nic-2008-r2], [2012][intel-nic-2012], [2012 R2][intel-nic-2012-r2], [2016][intel-nic-2016], [2019][intel-nic-2019], [2022][intel-nic-2022], [2025][intel-nic-2025]) [virtio-virtio]: https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/ [virtio-aliyun]: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/ecs/user-guide/install-the-virtio-driver-1 [virtio-qcloud]: https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/213/17815#b84b2032-752c-43c4-a509-73530b8f82ff [virtio-gcp]: https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/gce-windows-drivers-public [xen-xen]: https://xenproject.org/resources/downloads/ [xen-aws]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/xen-drivers-overview.html [xen-citrix]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/Upgrading_PV_drivers.html#win2008-citrix-upgrade [aws-ena]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ena-driver-releases-windows.html [aws-nvme]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/nvme-driver-version-history.html [gcp-gvnic]: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic [gcp-gga]: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/enable-instance-virtual-display [azure-mana]: https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/virtual-network/accelerated-networking-mana-windows [intel-vmd]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/849936/intel-rapid-storage-technology-driver-installation-software-with-intel-optane-memory-12th-to-15th-gen-platforms.html [intel-nic-7]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/15590/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-7-final-release.html [intel-nic-8]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/16765/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-8-final-release.html [intel-nic-8.1]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/17479/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-8-1.html [intel-nic-10]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/18293/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-10.html [intel-nic-11]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/727998/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-microsoft-windows-11.html [intel-nic-2008-r2]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/15591/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-server-2008-r2-final-release.html [intel-nic-2012]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/16789/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-server-2012.html [intel-nic-2012-r2]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/17480/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-server-2012-r2.html [intel-nic-2016]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/18737/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-server-2016.html [intel-nic-2019]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/19372/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-server-2019.html [intel-nic-2022]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/706171/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-server-2022.html [intel-nic-2025]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/download/838943/intel-network-adapter-driver-for-windows-server-2025.html #### How to Specify the Image Name `--image-name` Typically, an ISO will contain multiple system versions, such as Home Edition and Professional Edition. The image name `--image-name` is used to specify the version to be installed, and it is case-insensitive when entered. You can use tools like DISM, DISM++, or Wimlib to query the image names included in the ISO. Commonly used image names include: ```text Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 11 Pro Windows 11 Enterprise LTSC 2024 Windows Server 2025 SERVERDATACENTER ``` #### How to Use [DISM++](https://github.com/Chuyu-Team/Dism-Multi-language/releases) to Query the Image Names Included in the ISO Open File menu > Open Image File, select the iso to be installed to get the image name (full system name), and all available image names are installable.  > [!WARNING] > Vista (Server 2008) and 32-bit systems may lack drivers. > [!WARNING] > For EFI machines without CSM enabled, Windows 7 (Server 2008 R2) cannot be installed. > > Hyper-V (Azure) requires selecting the appropriate VM generation: > [!WARNING] > In the Chinese version of Windows 10 LTSC 2021 ISO `zh-cn_windows_10_enterprise_ltsc_2021_x64_dvd_033b7312.iso`, the `wsappx` process may indefinitely consume CPU resources. > > The solution is to update the system patches or manually install the `VCLibs` library . #### Considerations for Installing Windows on ARM Most ARM machines support installing latest Windows 11. During the installation process, you might encounter a black screen, and the serial console may display `ConvertPages: failed to find range`, but neither issue affects the installation. | Compatibility | Cloud Provider | Instance Type | Issues | | ------------- | -------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | ✔️ | Azure | B2pts_v2 | | | ✔️ | Alibaba Cloud | g6r, c6r | | | ✔️ | Alibaba Cloud | g8y, c8y, r8y | There is a chance of hanging at the boot logo during restart; forced reboot will resolve it. | | ✔️ | AWS | T4g | | | ✔️ | Scaleway | COPARM1 | | | ✔️ | Gcore | | | | ❔ | Oracle Cloud | A1.Flex | Installation success is not guaranteed; newer instances are more likely to succeed.
Manual loading of GPU drivers is required after installation. | | ❌ | Google Cloud | t2a | Missing network card drivers |

Loading Graphics Driver on Oracle Cloud

Log in to the server using Remote Desktop, open Device Manager, locate the graphics card, select "Update Driver," and choose `Red Hat VirtIO GPU DOD controller` from the list. There's no need to download the drivers in advance.   

## Discussion [](https://github.com/bin456789/reinstall/issues) [](https://t.me/reinstall_os) ## How to Modify the Script for Your Own 1. Fork this repository. 2. Modify the `confhome` and `confhome_cn` at the beginning of `reinstall.sh` and `reinstall.bat`. 3. Make changes to the other code. ## Thanks [](https://github.com/sponsors/bin456789) Thanks to the following businesses for providing free servers. [](https://www.oracle.com/cloud/) [](https://dartnode.com/)